TikTok and Other Platforms Not Competitors:

The ruling distinguishes between general search engines (GSEs) like Google and specialized vertical providers (SVPs) like Amazon and Meta. Despite some younger users using TikTok as a search engine, social media platforms do not compete with GSEs for search queries. The judge emphasized that even if Google's search quality declined, SVPs and social media platforms could not fill the gap due to the high costs involved.

AI Search Not Yet a Threat:

While AI search may revolutionize the future, it is not currently a significant factor in antitrust law. AI has not yet replaced the fundamental components of search, such as web crawling, indexing, and ranking. Google's VP of search, Pandu Nayak, highlighted the importance of maintaining traditional ranking systems.

Monopoly Power and Consumer Harm:

The judge pointed out that Google's ability to make product changes without fear of losing users is indicative of monopoly power. The ruling suggests that Google's dominance allows it to deliver a subpar product while maintaining high revenues, highlighting the potential harm to consumers.