Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, designed to operate based on human-defined objectives, have become integral to the modern economy. These systems, which can generate predictions, suggestions, or judgments, are now a cornerstone of the digital economy. However, while AI offers numerous benefits, it also presents significant challenges, particularly for women. This article explores the implications of AI on women's roles in the digital economy through a feminist lens.

Feminism, a key theory in international relations, critiques traditional paradigms grounded in patriarchal norms and male experiences. It emphasizes the importance of including marginalized groups, especially women, in understanding global dynamics. Applying this perspective to AI development reveals that the technology is predominantly shaped by male experiences, often overlooking women's perspectives. Historically, AI was pioneered by men, such as John McCarthy, and today, women represent only about 22% of the AI workforce globally. This gender imbalance exacerbates the negative impacts of AI on women.

The integration of AI into the digital economy has not fully realized its potential to benefit women. The digital economy, defined by technologies like the internet and e-commerce, was expected to provide new economic opportunities for disadvantaged groups, including women. Platforms like Shopee, Lazada, and Tokopedia have enabled women entrepreneurs to expand their businesses globally. For instance, the Indonesian fashion brand Monomolly successfully exports its products to neighboring countries through Shopee. Additionally, the digital economy has created employment opportunities for women in roles such as customer service and brand ambassadors.

However, the increasing reliance on AI in the digital economy has begun to replace human roles traditionally held by women. AI systems now handle customer service interactions and even serve as brand ambassadors and live streamers on platforms like Taobao. This shift not only reduces women's participation but also perpetuates harmful gender stereotypes. AI systems often adopt feminine characteristics, reinforcing negative stereotypes and reducing women to objects of entertainment rather than equal participants in society and the economy.

Addressing these issues requires increasing women's involvement in AI development. By rejecting patriarchal norms and creating supportive environments in educational institutions and workplaces, more women can enter STEM fields and contribute to AI development. Historical figures like Ada Lovelace, the world's first coder, demonstrate that women's underrepresentation in STEM is not due to a lack of ability but rather systemic biases. Encouraging women's participation in AI can lead to more inclusive and equitable technological advancements.

In conclusion, while AI has the potential to transform the digital economy, it currently poses challenges for women's participation. To harness the benefits of AI for all, it is crucial to address the patriarchal structures that hinder women's involvement in technology. By fostering a more inclusive environment, we can ensure that technological advancements benefit everyone, not just a select few.